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Article History

Received: 17 November 2025

Accepted: 25 February 2026

First Online: 11 March 2026

Declarations

:

: The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and the University of Sheffield Research Ethics Policy Governing Research Involving Human Participants, Personal Data and Human Tissue. Ethical approval for the study was granted by the Sheffield Centre for Health and Related Research (SCHARR) ethics committee at the University of Sheffield (Reference Number 062661). Informed consent to participate in the study was obtained from all participants. All participants provided written informed consent for their involvement in the study which was electronically signed.

: Written informed consent included consent for publication of the findings and the use of anonymised quotations in publications.

: NW, EH, OH, PC, JH and LG do not have any conflicts of interest.CG and AT are employed at City and Hackney Public Health Team, and PM is employed at Ascension Trust, who have involvement in the delivery of Bridge Watch. This evaluation study has been co-produced with CG, AT from City and Hackney Public Health Team and PM from the Ascension Trust. All involved have been committed to helping to facilitate a robust evaluation of the Bridge Watch programme in order to inform learning, potential changes and adaptations. There has been no pressure or influence to modify, restate, weaken, omit or frame findings, conclusions and recommendations from any team member.