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Authors
Si, Chenqin
Ren, Ningna
Song, Yuting
Zhang, Yunpeng
Li, Bing
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Jinshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University (JYQN-LC-202310)
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Article History
Received: 16 October 2025
Accepted: 26 February 2026
First Online: 12 March 2026
Declarations
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: This study was carried out based on data extracted from the CHARLS public database, and all methods were performed according to the relevant guidelines and regulations. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants or their legal agents before the commencement of any study process. The ethics approval for the collection of CHARLS data has been approved by the Peking University Biomedical Ethics Review Committee (IRB00001052-11015). The use of CHARLS data was approved by the Human Research Ethics Committee of the University of Newcastle (H-2015-0290).
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
