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Authors
Hassan, Abdelfatah Abdelelah ElZain
Ali, Nafeesa Abdelgyum Hassan
Elshareef, Mohamed Abubakr Abdalsalam
Sidahmed, Thoraya Salah Murtada
Elobied, Hind Elmukashfi ShamsEldin https://orcid.org/0009-0008-4412-8432
Ali, Abdelrahman Edris Osman
Salih, Dafaalla Abdelmoneim Dafaalla
AL Rahma, Amal Mahdi Mohammed
Abdallha, Amani Wadalbahar Ahmed
Hussain, Areej Mustafa Suliman
Hussain, Aseel Mustafa Suliman
Mohammed, Esraa Yasir Mostafa
Ahmed, Khadija Alamin Hassan
Awadallah, Samar Yousif Mohammed
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Article History
Received: 21 July 2025
Accepted: 27 February 2026
First Online: 5 March 2026
Declarations
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: The study received ethical approval from the Ministry of Health Research Ethics Committee, Kassala State. It was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki, ensuring respect for participants’ rights and dignity. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants after a detailed explanation of the study’s purpose, with participants given the freedom to withdraw from the study at any time.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: The interpretation of results was supported by the use of artificial intelligence assistance provided by OpenAI's language model, which aided in drafting and refining the results text. The final interpretations and conclusions presented in this study are the result of the authors' independent analysis.
