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Authors
Qi, Yanhua
Chen, Si
Pan, Ziwen
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Article History
Received: 29 October 2025
Accepted: 2 March 2026
First Online: 7 March 2026
Declarations
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: The study adhered to the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the Ethics Committee of the School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Shandong University (Approval No. 2021-R-001). Written informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to participation in the study.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
