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Authors
Morgan, Kelly
Liu, Shujun
Ouerghi, Safia
Kolovou, Vasiliki
Bradley, John
Pilkington, Paul
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Welsh Government
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Article History
Received: 22 December 2025
Accepted: 9 March 2026
First Online: 13 March 2026
Declarations
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: Ethical approval for this study was not required as it involved the analysis of anonymised secondary data. The 2023/24 SHW surveys were approved by Cardiff University School of Social Sciences Research Ethics Committee (Ref. SREC/448 & SREC/578). This study was compliance with the Helsinki Declaration. Consent to participate in the survey was required at three levels: school, parent/carer and student.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
