Document is current
Any future updates will be listed below
-
Authors
Malak, Natalie
-
Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
W.K. Kellogg Foundation
- License Information
-
More Information
Article History
Received: 21 January 2026
Accepted: 10 March 2026
First Online: 27 March 2026
Declarations
:
: This study used de-identified secondary data obtained from the Alabama Department of Public Health under a data use agreement. The research involved no direct contact with human participants and no collection of new human data or tissue. Under 45 CFR 46.104(d)(4) for research involving secondary data analysis the study is exempt from ethics review. As the data were fully de-identified, informed consent was not required. This study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki.
: Not applicable.
: BirthWell Partners requested an independent cost-effectiveness analysis of their doula services. The author conducted the study at arm’s length, with no input from BirthWell Partners on study design, analysis, interpretation, or reporting.
