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Article History

Received: 20 November 2025

Accepted: 16 March 2026

First Online: 19 March 2026

Declarations

:

: The study protocol was reviewed and approved by the Local Ethics Committee of the College of Nursing and Midwifery, Tanoso, Ghana, on April 15, 2025. The study was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants after providing a clear explanation of the study’s purpose, procedures, and relevance, as well as assurances of confidentiality. Participation was entirely voluntary, and appropriate measures were implemented to safeguard participants’ anonymity and maintain confidentiality throughout the research process.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.