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Authors
Lu, Feng
Li, Xue-Ying
Sun, Tao
Duan, Xin-Yu
Yang, Xiao-Jing
Shi, Yu
Cao, De-Pin
Zhang, Shu-E
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
One project of the 74th batch of top-level funding of China Postdoctoral Science Fund "Regional Special Support Program" (2023MD744209)
one project of Heilongjiang Province Postdoctoral Top-level Project (LBH-Z23233)
one project of "Basic Research Support Program for Outstanding Young Teachers" (Natural Science) of the Provincial Undergraduate Colleges and Universities of Heilongjiang Province (YQJH2023029)
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Article History
Received: 8 July 2024
Accepted: 16 March 2026
First Online: 23 March 2026
Declarations
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: The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and used publicly available data (CHARLS). The CHARLS has been approved by the Biomedical Ethics Review Committee of Peking University. The IRB approval number is IRB00001052-11015. Written signed informed consent was obtained at recruitment from all participants, including legal representatives for illiterate participants.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
