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Authors
Nguyen, Ly
Sereda, Paul
Lu, Michelle
Kooij, Katherine W.
Marziali, Megan E.
Salters, Kate A.
Wang, Lu
Montaner, Julio S. G.
Toy, Junine
Emerson, Scott D.
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Institute on Drug Abuse
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Article History
Received: 8 December 2025
Accepted: 17 March 2026
First Online: 26 March 2026
Declarations
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: This study received ethics approval from the University of British Columbia/Providence Health Care Ethics Review Committee at the St. Paul’s Hospital site (H18-02208), and adhered to the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Due to the secondary use of routinely collected administrative health data, participant recruitment, consent to participate, or primary data collection were not applicable. The usage of administrative data was approved by Data Stewards.
: Due to the use of anonymised administrative data, consent for publication was not required for this study. This manuscript underwent pre-publication review and received approval for publication from the BC Ministry of Health Data Stewards.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
