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Authors
Zhang, Liurong
Li, Cui
Jin, Anna
Ren, Yuanzhi
Wang, Xinyue
Jie, Chen
Zhai, Manlin
Sun, Liang
Qin, Qirong
Chen, Mingchun
Sun, Yehuan
Qu, Guangbo
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (81872704)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82504437)
Key project of natural science research of educational department of Anhui Province (2022AH050664)
Undergraduate Open Research Projectâ Fund of the Key Laboratory of Birth Population Health Education, Ministry of Education (JKBK20245)
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Article History
Received: 7 November 2025
Accepted: 19 March 2026
First Online: 31 March 2026
Declarations
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: Ethical approval was granted by the Ethics Committee of Anhui Medical University. Participants and their caregivers gave informed consent prior to data collection and informed consent was obtained from all included participants. This study conformed to the principles of the Helsinki Declaration.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
