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Authors
Liu, Linhui
Gai, Jinwei
Luo, Mengdan
Zhang, Yan
Zhao, Wenqian
Lou, Qianjin
Wu, Minhuan
Zhao, Ke
Zhang, Guohua
Hong, Lan
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Zhejiang Provincial Medical health Project (2025KY1997)
Zhejiang Provincial Medical health Project (2025KY1997)
Zhejiang Provincial Medical health Project (2025KY1997)
Major Humanities and Social Sciences Research Projects in Zhejiang Higher Education Institutions (2023QN047)
Major Humanities and Social Sciences Research Projects in Zhejiang Higher Education Institutions (2023QN047)
Major Humanities and Social Sciences Research Projects in Zhejiang Higher Education Institutions (2023QN047)
Major Humanities and Social Sciences Research Projects in Zhejiang Higher Education Institutions (2023QN047)
Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (LLSQN25H090001)
Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (LLSQN25H090001)
Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (LLSQN25H090001)
Wenzhou Science and Technology Bureau (ZS2024001)
Wenzhou Science and Technology Bureau (ZS2024001)
Wenzhou Science and Technology Bureau (ZS2024001)
Wenzhou Science and Technology Bureau (ZS2024001)
Wenzhou Science and Technology Bureau (ZS2024001)
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Article History
Received: 30 August 2025
Accepted: 20 March 2026
First Online: 26 March 2026
Declarations
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: Before questionnaire distribution, written informed consent was obtained from the schools, students, and their parents. All participants were provided with detailed information about the purpose and procedures of the study. They were also assured that their involvement was completely voluntary and anonymous, and that they could withdraw at any time without any consequences. The survey was conducted class by class, with students completing electronic questionnaires in designated school computer labs. This study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. The study was approved by the Medical Research Ethics Committee of Lishui Second People’s Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University (20240723-08).
: Not applicable for this study.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
