Document is current

Article History

Received: 29 November 2025

Accepted: 23 March 2026

First Online: 30 March 2026

Declarations

:

: Ethical approval was thought from the Gulu University Research Ethics Committee (GUREC) (GUREC-2021-119). An introduction letter was also obtained from Lira University, Faculty of Public Health that helped to start the study processes. Permission to conduct the study was obtained from the office of the City Clerk and Environment officer before proceeding to the Divisions and Wards to commence the data collection. All procedures were conducted in accordance with the ethical principles of the 1975 Declaration of Helsinki. A written informed consent was obtained from all the participants following a detailed explanation of the study, including potential risks and participant rights. Confidentiality and anonymity were strictly upheld; all data were de-identified, and access was restricted to the research team.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.