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Authors
Xie, Huilong
Chen, Bo
Xia, Fan
Xia, Jingbo
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
The Characteristic Innovation Project of Guangdong Provincial Education Department (2024KTSCX128)
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Article History
Received: 25 September 2025
Accepted: 23 March 2026
First Online: 30 March 2026
Declarations
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: The CHARLS study was performed in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Peking University (IRB00001052-11015).
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
