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Authors
Wada, Yunusa Adamu
Mazlan, Mazlina
Noordin, Mohamed Mustapha
Mohd-Lila, Mohd Azmi
Ramanoon, Siti Zubaidah
Zahli, Nurul Izzati Uda
Fong, Lau Seng
Muzammil, Nur Ahdanisa Khairul
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Malaysian Skim Geran Penyelidikan Fundamental (FRGS/1/2018/WAB01/UPM/01/1)
Malaysian Skim Geran Penyelidikan Fundamental (FRGS/1/2018/WAB01/UPM/01/1)
Mazlina Mazlan, Malaysian Skim Geran Penyelidikan Fundamental (FRGS/1/2018/WAB01/UPM/01/1)
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Article History
Received: 15 June 2024
Accepted: 27 March 2026
First Online: 7 April 2026
Declarations
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: The study was conducted in accordance with the Ethics Committee for Research Involving Human Subjects at Universiti Putra Malaysia (JKEUPM-2022-509), in compliance with the Declaration of Helsinki, the International Conference on Harmonisation (ICH) Guidelines, and local regulations and standards in ethical review.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
