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Article History

Received: 16 December 2025

Accepted: 27 March 2026

First Online: 7 April 2026

Declarations

:

: This study was evaluated by the Ethics Committee of Social and Human Sciences Research at Karabük University at its meeting on October 31, 2025, and its compliance with ethical principles was unanimously approved by decision No. 2025/10. The principles of the Declaration of Helsinki were adhered to throughout the data collection process; participants were provided with detailed information about the purpose and scope of the research and their rights as participants. Only individuals who gave written consent by signing the “Voluntary Participation Form” were included in the study. The confidentiality, anonymity, and voluntariness of the participants were unconditionally protected; no personal data or identity information was recorded.

: Since this study does not contain any visual, personal, or clinical information that could reveal the identity of the participants, no additional consent is required for publication.

: The authors declare no competing interests.