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Authors
Gatira, Debela Nanesso
Getnet, Marye
Liyew, Bikis
Mesfin, Yabibal Misganaw
Terefe, Bewuketu
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Article History
Received: 28 October 2025
Accepted: 31 March 2026
First Online: 9 April 2026
Declarations
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: Ethical clearance was obtained from the ethical review committee of the University of Gondar College of Medicine and Health Sciences School of Nursing with S/N/167/2015 and from THE Amhara Public Health Institute with a Ref.No አሕጤኢ/ም/ል/ዳ/-ት-03/1920. A formal letter of cooperation was received from UoGCSH, FHCSH, DMCSH, and DTCSH for collecting data. We had taken permission from hospital medical directors, and data was kept confidential. Informed consent was not applied due to the data being taken from chart review only. Moreover, names and medical card numbers were not included in the data-collecting format, and the data was not shared with anybody except the principal investigator and utilized exclusively for research. Patient consent was waived as data were anonymized and extracted from medical records without identifying information. The study adhered to the Declaration of Helsinki and ethical guidelines of the University of Gondar.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
