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Article History

Received: 21 February 2025

Accepted: 8 April 2026

First Online: 17 April 2026

Declarations

:

: The TwinAIR health study obtained overarching ethical approval from the Research Ethics Committee Parc de Salut Mar (Barcelona, Spain) on September 7th 2023 (reference number 2023/11008/I), covering all participating study sites and procedures. In addition, written confirmation regarding national ethical approval requirements was obtained from the relevant ethics committees in participating countries (i.e., the United Kingdom, Germany, Greece, Spain), confirming that the study is either covered by existing approvals or that no additional ethical approval is required. The Swedish pilot site received ethical approval from the Swedish Ethical Review Authority on May 14th, 2024 (reference number 2023–07916-01). Ethical and legal aspects of the study were supported and monitored at consortium level by Arthur’s Legal. The TwinAIR advisory board oversees the safety of all study procedures. All human participants should provide their consent by signing the participant informed consent form after reading the patient information sheet approved by the ethical approval certificate stated above.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.