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Authors
Kundakçı, Simay
Sabuncular, Güleren
Akbaş, Elif
Gezer, Sümeyye
Aktaç, Şule
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Article History
Received: 23 December 2025
Accepted: 9 April 2026
First Online: 20 April 2026
Declarations
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: Ethical approval for the study was obtained from the Non-Interventional Clinical Research Ethics Committee of Marmara University Faculty of Health Sciences, with decision number 170 dated 26 December 2024. In addition, permission for data use was granted by the General Directorate of Public Health of the Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Health, and the necessary approvals were obtained from the Istanbul Provincial Directorate of Health (E-49654233-604.02-279175835). All procedures performed in this study involving human participants were in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. In the original TNHS 2017 survey, ethical approval was obtained from the Zekai Tahir Burak Women’s Health Training and Research Hospital Clinical Research Ethics Committee (2011-KAEK-19, 14 February 2017), and written informed consent was obtained from all participants. As this study is based on secondary analysis of anonymized data, additional informed consent was not required.
: Not applicable. The study was conducted using anonymized secondary data, and no individual participant identifiers were included.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
