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Article History

Received: 5 January 2026

Accepted: 15 April 2026

First Online: 24 April 2026

Declarations

:

: This study used publicly available, aggregated, and anonymized data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). As no individual-level or identifiable data were used, ethical approval and informed consent were not required. This study was conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the Declaration of Helsinki.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.