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Authors
Li, Junpeng
Zhu, Qinghua
Li, Xiaoyan
Li, Songyi
Zhu, Baoqi
Wang, Xinru
Ji, Lili
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
China Association of Higher Education (24BJ0405)
Shandong Second Medical University (2025YJSCX028)
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Article History
Received: 22 December 2025
Accepted: 16 April 2026
First Online: 24 April 2026
Declarations
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: This study received approval from the Ethics Committee of the School of Nursing, Shandong Second Medical University (Approval No: [2024YX281]). We conducted the study in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. All participating students provided written informed consent before completing the survey.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
