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Authors
Rattay, Petra https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5093-2584
Beese, Florian https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6976-7993
Sperlich, Stefanie https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4903-7384
Dragano, Nico https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0378-0757
Michalski, Niels https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5943-1361
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Robert Koch-Institut
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Article History
Received: 17 October 2025
Accepted: 16 April 2026
First Online: 9 May 2026
Change Date: 15 May 2026
Change Type: Update
Change Details: Following the article's publication, an error was found in Supplementary Material 1. This has been corrected.
Declarations
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: The GEDA study in general and the surveys GEDA 2019/2020, GEDA 2021 and GEDA 2022/2023 as well as the panel study ‘Health in Germany’ (RKI Panel) were conducted in strict compliance with the data protection provisions of the EU General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) and the Federal Data Protection Act (BDSG). The Ethics Committee of Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin has reviewed the GEDA 2019/2020-EHIS study (application number EA2/070/19) and the Ethics Committee of the Berlin Medical Association the panel study ‘Health in Germany’ (application number Eth-63/23, amendment 1) from an ethical point of view in accordance with the current version of the Declaration of Helsinki and approved the implementation of the study project. Participation in the studies was voluntary. The participants were informed about the objectives and content of the studies as well as about data protection. They gave informed consent either verbally, electronically (as part of the online survey) or in writing.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
