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Authors
Fu, Biao
Yang, Zixuan
Wang, Xuening
Chen, Hongru
Xie, Jumin https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4493-4548
Li, Luman
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Key Project in the Scientific Research Plan of the Hubei Province Education Department (D20234505)
Open fund research project of Huangshi Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis and Individualized Therapy (FZ2024005)
Open Fund Project of Hubei Key Laboratory for Kidney Disease Pathogenesis and Intervention (2024SJ104)
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Article History
Received: 29 December 2025
Accepted: 17 April 2026
First Online: 22 April 2026
Declarations
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: This study involved a secondary analysis of people living with HIV (PLWH) surveillance data for Huangshi City (2003–2025) from the China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention. All data were routinely collected and reported under the Law of the People’s Republic of China on the Prevention and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, representing standard operational data from the statutory infectious disease reporting system.Written informed consent was obtained from all participants at the time of registration and prior to the initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) at the Huangshi Public Health Medical Treatment Center. The consent covered the collection, storage, and use of personal and clinical data for medical management and research purposes.All personal identifiers were removed, and the data were anonymized prior to analysis, ensuring strict confidentiality in accordance with national regulations on biomedical research ethics. The study was conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and national research committees and with the ethical principles of the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments.All procedures involving human subjects were reviewed and approved by the Bioethical Safety Committee of Hubei Polytechnic University (Approval No.: yxy-20250103).
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
