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Authors
Sun, Qi
Yu, Li
Zhang, Dong
Lv, Han
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (52500256)
Program of the National Research Institute for Family Planning (2024GJPY03)
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Article History
Received: 2 January 2026
Accepted: 20 April 2026
First Online: 23 April 2026
Declarations
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: The study design of the CHARLS was approved by the Ethics Review Committee at Peking University (IRB 00001052–11014). All participants provided written informed consent prior to their inclusion in the study.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
