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Authors
Zhang, Xiaoyan
Dong, Jingran
Li, Miaomiao
Zhan, Xiaoping
Lin, Zhan
Zhang, Junfeng
Yang, Jie
Yu, Maohe
Bai, Jianyun
Liu, Yi
Li, Changping
Cui, Zhuang
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Science and Technology Project of Tianjin Health Commission (No. 2020TJWS002; No. ZC20022)
Tianjin Medical Key Discipline Project (No. TJYXZDXK-050 A)
Tianjin Science and Technology Plan Project (No. 24KPHDRC00420)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 72374153)
Humanities and Social Science Fund of Ministry of Education of China (No. 20YJAZH021)
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Article History
Received: 2 October 2025
Accepted: 20 April 2026
First Online: 30 April 2026
Declarations
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: This study was conducted in accordance with the principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki. The study was reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee of Tianjin Medical University (approve number: TMUhMEC2021010). All participants signed an informed consent form before the survey started.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
