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Authors
Yaya, Issifou
Dah, Ter Tiero Elias
Kassang, Panawé
N’dri, Kouamé Mathias
Dahourou, Désiré Lucien
Ossima, Arnaud Nze
Patassi, Akouda
Nambiema, Aboubakari
Saka, Bayaki
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Article History
Received: 16 November 2025
Accepted: 20 April 2026
First Online: 25 April 2026
Declarations
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: This study utilized secondary data obtained from the MEASURE DHS program. Access to DHS data requires only registration and submission of a formal data request; therefore, additional ethical approval for this secondary analysis was not required. The DHS program ensures that all surveys are conducted in accordance with internationally recognized ethical standards, including informed consent from participants. For more information on DHS data access procedures and ethical guidelines, please visit: .
: All authors have give their consent for the publication of the manuscript.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
