Negm, Lobna Mohamed Mohamed Abu https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3824-1438
Aboelola, Taghreed Hussien https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7996-697X
Mersal, Fathia Ahmed https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6450-5097
Alanazi, Jawaher Mohammed https://orcid.org/0009-0009-8807-7785
Alanazi, Rawan Khalid https://orcid.org/0009-0006-6874-7049
Al-Shammari, Reem Ali Jalawi https://orcid.org/0009-0008-6736-0680
Alanazi, Raghad Saad https://orcid.org/0009-0008-7373-8395
Fawzy, Manal S. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1252-8403
Eltaib, Fatma Abdou Ahmed
Article History
Received: 21 December 2025
Accepted: 21 April 2026
First Online: 21 May 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: “The study was approved by the Local Committee of Bioethics at Northern Border University, Saudi Arabia (approval number: 121/24/H). Informed consent was obtained from all participants before taking part.”
Consent for publication: Not applicable.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.