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Article History

Received: 28 October 2025

Accepted: 21 April 2026

First Online: 9 May 2026

Declarations

:

: This study is based on data from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE). The SHARE study has been reviewed and approved by the Ethics Council of the Max Planck Society and conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. All participants provided informed consent before participation.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.