Pickavance, John https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5259-5291
O’Nions, Elizabeth https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4427-0910
Hammad, Mohammed https://orcid.org/0009-0007-5587-1232
Jackson, Laura https://orcid.org/0009-0003-6665-5958
Lightfoot, Kate https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0141-0293
McEachan, Rosemary R C https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1302-6675
Orben, Amy https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2937-4183
Ryan, David https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7466-2459
Shire, Katy https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2093-181X
Wood, Megan L https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1882-2355
Wright, John https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9572-7293
Lewer, Dan https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3698-7196
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR205448)
National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR205448)
Wellcome Trust (223601)
Wellcome Trust (223601)
Wellcome Trust (223601)
Wellcome Trust (223601)
Wellcome Trust (223601)
Wellcome Trust (223601)
NIHR Applied Research Collaboration for Yorkshire and Humber (NIHR200166)
NIHR Applied Research Collaboration for Yorkshire and Humber (NIHR200166)
Article History
Received: 18 November 2025
Accepted: 21 April 2026
First Online: 7 May 2026
Declarations
:
: The study described in this paper is covered by the ethics obtained for Born in Bradford: Age of Wonder, which has been reviewed and approved by the Bradford and Leeds NHS Research Ethics Committee [21/YH/0261]. This research was conducted in accordance to the Declaration of Helsinki (2013) insofar as it is compatible with UK law, and the UK Policy Framework for Health and Social Care Research (2017). Informed consent was obtained for each participating young person from their parent/carer. Young people provided their informed assent on the day of data collection.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.