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Authors
Benyagoub, Massinissa
Benazzouz, Redouene Sid Ahmed
Alem, Farid
Guennouni, Zakaria
Mesbah, Narimene
Tasfaout, Salima
Belhadj, Rachid
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Article History
Received: 16 January 2026
Accepted: 22 April 2026
First Online: 25 April 2026
Declarations
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: The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Public Hospital Establishment of Laghouat (Institutional Review Board, approval No. EC/PHEL/2025/004, 15 July 2025) and by the Scientific Committee of the Faculty of Medicine of Laghouat (approval No. SC/FML/UL/25/13, 03 July 2025).The requirement for informed consent to participate was explicitly waived by the Ethics Committee of the Public Hospital Establishment of Laghouat (Institutional Review Board, approval No. EC/PHEL/2025/004) due to the retrospective design of the study and the use of previously collected, fully anonymized data with no direct participant contact and no possibility of identification.This waiver was granted in accordance with Algerian Law No. 18 − 11 of 2 July 2018 on health, which governs biomedical research and provides ethical oversight for research involving human data, including retrospective studies based on secondary anonymized data involving minimal risk, as well as in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
