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Authors
Koroma, Mary Isha https://orcid.org/0009-0003-2113-7487
Budhathoki, Nirajan
Inungu, Joseph
Gurrala, Jayalakshmi
Okike, Victor Ogbonna
Cyprian, Deborah Testimony
Makireddy, Ramaprabha
Manwana, Plamedi Ngankusu
Kainat, Hina
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Article History
Received: 27 January 2026
Accepted: 27 April 2026
First Online: 8 May 2026
Declarations
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: Not applicable. This study is a secondary analysis of publicly available, de-identified National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) data and therefore did not require additional institutional ethics review or informed consent.
: Not applicable. This study used de-identified, publicly available NHIS data and includes no identifiable individual-level information.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
