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Authors
Li, Datong
Sun, Mian
Jiang, Wanyu
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Article History
Received: 2 February 2026
Accepted: 28 April 2026
First Online: 2 May 2026
Declarations
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: The CHARLS research protocol received approval from the Biomedical Ethics Committee of Peking University (IRB00001052-11015), and all subjects provided written informed permission. All procedures were conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
