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Authors
Xie, Chengxin
Li, Qihang
Xin, Jingxin
Jiang, Xiao
He, Qiang
Bian, Wenbo
Yu, Dongting
Lin, Yanru
Yao, Zhenyu
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Noncommunicable Chronic Diseases-National Science and Technology Major Project (2023ZD0507800)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82200879)
Cultivation Plan of Shandong Provincial Hospital (2025PY201)
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Article History
Received: 3 December 2025
Accepted: 30 April 2026
First Online: 1 May 2026
Declarations
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: The study protocols were approved by the ethics review board of the US National Center for Health Statistics (Protocol #98 − 12; Protocol #2005-06; Protocol #2011-17, #2018-01). The studies were conducted in accordance with the local legislation and institutional requirements. All participants provided their written informed consent to participate.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
