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Authors
Zhang, Wenjie
Gao, Ruixiang
Zheng, Xiao
Guo, Yongxing
Ma, Lijun
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
the Guangdong Provincial Science and Technology Program (2024A1111120020)
the National Center for Mental Health,China (GXWH2025A-012)
the Innovation Team Project of Guangdong Ordinary Universities (2022WCXTD004)
the Guangdong Education Science Planning Project (2024GXJK123)
the Guangzhou Philosophy and Social Sciences Development Project of the 14th Five-Year Plan (2024GZGJ277)
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Article History
Received: 6 December 2025
Accepted: 8 May 2026
First Online: 12 May 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: This study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Ethical approval was obtained from the Biomedical Research Ethics Committee of Hunan Normal University (Protocol No. 2021–411). The approval date was May 13, 2021. Informed consent was obtained from all participants.All procedures involved in this research were observational and did not include any clinical intervention. Informed consent was obtained from all participants and/or their legal guardians prior to data collection. Clinical trial registration was not applicable, as this study did not involve any intervention.
Consent for publication: Not Applicable.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
