Yuan, Mei
Bi, Siran
Chen, Ziyi
Fan, Xiaoli
Chen, Xiyu
Shen, Kun
Article History
Received: 29 January 2026
Accepted: 8 May 2026
First Online: 22 May 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: CHARLS received ethical approval from the Institution Review Board of Peking University (IRB00001052-11015) and declared that its research strictly adheres to the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Each respondent who agreed to participate in the survey was offered written informed consent.
Consent of publication: All authors approved the final manuscript and the submission to this journal.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.