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Authors
Gong, Yingxuan
Zhao, Xiexiong
Shi, Tianrui
Huang, Xuewei
Li, Zhenxin
Wang, Wenjuan
Zhou, Qiaoyu
Cai, Jingjing
Peng, Liping
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
the Postgraduate Research Innovative Project of Central South University (2026ZZTS0050)
the Hunan Natural Science Foundation Key Grant (2023JJ60511)
the Hunan Natural Science Foundation Key Grant (2024JJ3043)
the Noncommunicable Chronic Diseases-National Science and Technology Major Project (2023ZD0503300)
the National Natural Science Foundation of China (82570471)
the Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province (2022RC3073)
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Article History
Received: 8 January 2026
Accepted: 18 May 2026
First Online: 27 July 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: We utilized de-identified data from public databases, including CHARLS and HRS. The ethical approval was covered by the original surveys and was not necessary for the present study.
Consent for publication: Not applicable.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
