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Article History

Received: 4 February 2026

Accepted: 20 May 2026

First Online: 23 May 2026

Declarations

:

: Ethical clearance was obtained from the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of Injibara University, College of Medicine and Health Sciences. Official permission was secured from each hospital administration. Written informed consent was obtained from each participant after explaining the purpose, benefits, risks, and confidentiality of the study in accordance with the Helsinki Declaration. Participants were assured that their responses would remain anonymous and that they could withdraw at any time without consequence. Particular attention was given to addressing potential anxiety related to MVD questions, with referral pathways established for participants expressing significant distress.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.