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Authors
BinHamdan, Rahaf Hamdan https://orcid.org/0009-0000-8302-1293
Alwadi, Maram Ali https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7796-4850
Alsadhan, Salwa Abdulrahman https://orcid.org/0009-0005-1994-1358
AlJameel, AlBandary Hassan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4064-4789
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Ongoing Research Funding program, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (ORF-2026-1140)
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Article History
Received: 9 November 2025
Accepted: 22 May 2026
First Online: 29 May 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: Ethical approval for this study was obtained from the Committee of Human and Social Research Ethics at King Saud University (IRB Approval No: KSU-HE-23-848). All procedures were performed in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional research committee and with the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments. All participants were informed about the purpose of the study, their right to voluntarily participate, and their ability to withdraw at any stage without penalty. Informed consent was obtained in both written and verbal formats prior to participation.
Consent for publication: Informed consent for publication was obtained in both written and verbal formats prior to participation.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
