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Authors
Zhang, Zhuoya
She, Dongli
Hu, Jinjiu
Wu, Haixia
Han, Lin
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Gansu Provincial Health Industry Research Program (GSWSHL2025-33)
National Nature Science Foundation of China (72274087)
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Article History
Received: 18 February 2026
Accepted: 22 May 2026
First Online: 12 June 2026
Declarations
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: This study was conducted in accordance with the Helsinki Declaration and approved by the Ethics Committee of the School of Nursing, Lanzhou University (approval No. LZUHLXY20240064). Prior to the distribution of the questionnaires, informed consent was obtained from each participant. Participants had the right to withdraw at any time without giving a reason, and their lack of participation or withdrawal would have no consequences for them.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
