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Authors
Zhang, Wei
Zeng, DeQing
Yan, Yuge
Chu, YiJing
Yang, Yuqi
Guo, Jing
Shen, Jie
Huang, Jiaoling
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Shanghai Municipal Health Commission (GWVI-11.2-YQ54)
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Article History
Received: 4 March 2026
Accepted: 26 May 2026
First Online: 2 June 2026
Declarations
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: Ethical approval for the CHARLS study was obtained from the Biomedical Ethics Review Committee of Peking University (approval number IRB00001052-11015). The study was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki. All participants were informed about the study procedures and provided written informed consent prior to participation. Participation was voluntary, and respondents had the right to withdraw at any time without consequence.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
