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Authors
Alhasan, Hammad
Alsayed, Meral
Alotibi, Jehan
Alharbi, Rama
Alharbi, Shouq
Alshareef, Shmukh
Redah, Sondous
Babtain, Afyaa
Aljabri, Aisha
Alalwani, Farah
Hawsawi, Fidaa
Fadil, Ammar
Alayat, Mohamed Salaheldien
Awali, Abdulaziz
Alshehri, Mansour Abdullah
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Umm Al-Qura University (26UQU4350429GSSR01)
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Article History
Received: 9 December 2025
Accepted: 27 May 2026
First Online: 29 May 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: Ethical approval (HAPO-02-K-012-2024-11-2337) for this study was granted by the Ethics Committee of Umm Al-Qura University in Mecca, Saudi Arabia. The research was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki and complied with the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) guidelines.
Consent for publication: Not applicable.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
