Zhou, Lijun
Li, Zhirui
Zhou, Xingyu
Dong, Shuang
Ma, Yao
Yang, Biao
Hu, Fengmiao
Cheng, Xiuwei
Xiao, Chongkun https://orcid.org/0009-0006-0653-3678
Article History
Received: 26 February 2026
Accepted: 10 June 2026
First Online: 22 June 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: This study used data from the Chinese National Influenza Surveillance System, a routine public health surveillance program. As this study involved secondary analysis of de-identified surveillance data without direct participant involvement, ethical approval and informed consent were waived in accordance with national regulations. The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.
Consent for publication: Not applicable.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.