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Authors
Abu-Dayyeh, Issa https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0224-2292
Al Tibi, Ahmad https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9044-0058
Ghunaim, Mohammad
Hasan, Thaer
Abdelnour, Amid
Abu-Raddad, Laith J. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0790-0506
Chemaitelly, Hiam https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8756-6968
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Qatar Research Development and Innovation Council (ARG01-0522-230273)
Weill Cornell Medicine - Qatar (Biomedical Research Program and the Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Biomathematics Research Core)
Weill Cornell Medicine - Qatar (Junior Faculty Transition to Independence Program)
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Article History
Received: 10 May 2026
Accepted: 11 June 2026
First Online: 3 July 2026
Declarations
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: The institutional review boards at Biolab (ethics approval number: IRB-Bio/7-2024/01) and Weill Cornell Medicine–Qatar (ethics approval number: 2079414-2) approved this retrospective study with a waiver of informed consent. The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and reported following the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) guidelines.
: Not applicable.
: The authors affiliated with Biolab Diagnostic Laboratories were involved in providing access to the data and supporting data retrieval but had no financial or commercial interests related to the study outcomes. The study was conducted independently for scientific research purposes, and no financial incentives were linked to the results of the analyses. LJA-R received a speaker honorarium from Roche Diagnostics International for delivering a webinar on neonatal herpes, unrelated to this work. HC received a speaker honorarium and travel support from Sanofi for a presentation on SARS-CoV-2 viral evolution, unrelated to this work. All authors report no potential or perceived conflicts of interest.
