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Authors
Sun, Rong
Nie, Linlin
Tang, Xinye
Pan, Bo
Liang, Jia
Hu, Di
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing Municipality (cstc2021jcyj-msxmX0069)
Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing Municipality (cstb2022nscq-msx0090)
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Article History
Received: 2 April 2026
Accepted: 12 June 2026
First Online: 22 June 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: The studies involving humans were approved by the Ethics Committee of Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University (approval number: 2025 − 530). The studies were conducted in accordance with the local legislation and institutional requirements. Written informed consent for participation was not required from the participants or the participants’ legal guardians/next of kin in accordance with the national legislation and institutional requirements, as this was a retrospective study using de-identified aggregated health data.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
