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Authors
Ipek-Erdem, Fulya https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7606-042X
Erpek, Esra https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3540-4905
Genç, Volkan https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2184-482X
Bars, Aybars https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8051-9165
Erdem, Sabri https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6766-3202
Akar, Servet https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3734-1242
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Article History
Received: 5 October 2024
Accepted: 19 June 2026
First Online: 8 July 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: This study used publicly available, aggregated country-level data and did not involve human participants or identifiable personal information. Ethical approval was obtained from the İzmir Katip Çelebi University Non-interventional Clinical Research Ethics Board (protocol number: 2022-GOKAE-0227) in accordance with institutional requirements for secondary analyses of publicly available datasets. Consent to participate was not applicable.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
