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Authors
Govender, Kaymarlin
Nyamaruze, Patrick
Zulu, Joseph Mumba
Muparamoto, Nelson
Jumbe, Vincent
Muula, Adamson
Beckett, Sean
Armstrong, Russell
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Southern African Development Community (CON7932 1/10/2020 - 30/9/2023)
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Article History
Received: 9 February 2026
Accepted: 29 June 2026
First Online: 18 July 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: This study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. The study received ethical approval from the Biomedical Research Ethics Committee of the University of KwaZulu-Natal (BREC/00001655/2020), and the research ethics committees of Kamuzu University of Health Sciences (P.04/24–0654), University of Zambia (REF. NO. 1070–2020), and the Medical Research Council of Zimbabwe (MRCZ/A/3185). All participants provided informed consent for participation and for the inclusion of anonymised data in this manuscript.
Consent for publication: All participants provided written informed consent before participating in the study, which included consent to publish anonymous quotes from individual participants.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
