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Authors
Ademiluyi, Dare D. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3154-3924
Adepoju, Oladejo T.
Oladosu, Gbenga S. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1207-8000
Uthman-Akinhanmi, Yewande O. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1033-2362
Akinsanya, Olubunmi B. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2753-8463
Adewale, Ifeyemi O.
Asha, Oluwatoyin E.
Olubiyi, Esther D. https://orcid.org/0009-0001-8048-5196
Ojo-Adalumo, Ayobami R. https://orcid.org/0009-0005-6889-7322
Adepoju, Adeyinka B. https://orcid.org/0009-0007-1012-7645
Ogunniyi, Akinade E. https://orcid.org/0009-0009-1961-3214
Oyewunmi, Boluwatife T. https://orcid.org/0009-0005-1927-4997
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Article History
Received: 23 February 2026
Accepted: 29 June 2026
First Online: 2 July 2026
Declarations
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: Ethical clearance for this study was granted by the Health Research Ethics Committee of the Federal Medical Centre, Abeokuta (FMCA/470/HREC/17/2024/30). Throughout its conduct, the study adhered to internationally accepted ethical standards governing research involving human participants. Participation in this study was entirely voluntary and the study adhered to the tenets of the Helsinki Declaration at all stages.Before data collection commenced, all eligible students and their parents or guardians were provided with full information about the study's objectives, procedures, potential benefits, and the rights of participants. Written informed consent was secured from parents or legal guardians, and written informed assent was obtained from each adolescent participant. Taking part in the study was entirely voluntary, and all participants were made aware of their right to withdraw at any point without facing any consequence. To protect confidentiality, participants were assigned anonymised identification codes, and access to study data was limited strictly to members of the research team.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
