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Article History

Received: 28 February 2026

Accepted: 29 June 2026

First Online: 8 July 2026

Declarations

:

: This study used secondary, de-identified data from GATS Bangladesh 2017-18, conducted by the Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics with support from WHO and CDC. The survey was granted ethical approval by Bangladesh Medical Research Council (BMRC) National Research Ethics Committee (NREC) [Ref: BMRC/NREC/2016-2019/344].

: The authors declare no competing interests.