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Article History

Received: 11 March 2024

Accepted: 30 June 2026

First Online: 11 July 2026

Declarations

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: The parents of the children selected to participate in the research were reassured that their decision would not affect how they would be treated in the primary health centers. In addition, they were given information about the study in the language of their choice, in line with the ethical requirements for research involving human subjects. Those who consented to participate in the study were asked to sign the informed consent form. Participants who could not read (or sign) used their fingerprints on the consent form (using an inkwell). The telephone contacts of members of the research team were made available to parents if further information or assistance was needed. Ethical approval for the study was sought and obtained from the Burkina Health Research Ethics Committee (number 2022-08-182), and all methods were performed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.