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Authors
Teoh, Diyana Jing Yi https://orcid.org/0009-0004-0950-0949
Hsieh, Tsung-Cheng https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3024-8675
Hsieh, Jen-Che
Lee, Chih-Wei
Huang, Chien-Hui https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3693-8132
Li, Tse-Hsi
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation (TCMMP 106-01)
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Article History
Received: 5 December 2025
Accepted: 30 June 2026
First Online: 21 July 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: This study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the Research Ethics Committee at Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital (IRB106-118-B). The requirement for informed consent was waived by the ethics committee because this was a retrospective study using medical record data.
Consent for publication: Not applicable.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
