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Authors
Batista, Ricardo
Fitzgerald, Michael
Reaume, Michael
Kendall, Claire E.
Bjerre, Lise M.
Mahdavi, Roshanak
Imsirovic, Haris
Gauthier, Alain P.
Landry, Josette-Renée
Chomienne, Marie-Helene
Hsu, Amy
Bouchard, Louise
Prud’homme, Denis
Manuel, Douglas G.
Tanuseputro, Peter
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Article History
Received: 12 September 2024
Accepted: 2 July 2026
First Online: 29 July 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: ICES is a prescribed entity under Ontario’s Personal Health Information Protection Act (PHIPA). Section 45 of PHIPA authorizes ICES to collect personal health information, without consent, for the purpose of analysis or compiling statistical information with respect to the management of, evaluation or monitoring of, the allocation of resources to or planning for all or part of the health system. Projects that use data collected by ICES under section 45 of PHIPA, and use no other data, are exempt from REB review. The use of the data in this project is authorized under section 45 and approved by ICES’ Privacy and Legal Office.
Consent for publication: Not applicable.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
